gram negative bacteriac compound mic Search Results


a baumannii atcc 17978  (ATCC)
99
ATCC a baumannii atcc 17978
A Baumannii Atcc 17978, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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chondroitin 4 sulfate c4s  (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank)
94
Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank chondroitin 4 sulfate c4s
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Chondroitin 4 Sulfate C4s, supplied by Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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pma enhancer  (Biotium)
96
Biotium pma enhancer
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Pma Enhancer, supplied by Biotium, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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mrsa agar  (SSI Diagnostica)
90
SSI Diagnostica mrsa agar
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Mrsa Agar, supplied by SSI Diagnostica, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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16s- bacteria 16s rdna  (Millipore)
90
Millipore 16s- bacteria 16s rdna
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
16s Bacteria 16s Rdna, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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lipopolysaccharide  (InvivoGen)
86
InvivoGen lipopolysaccharide
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Lipopolysaccharide, supplied by InvivoGen, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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gram negative bacteria escherichia coli  (ATCC)
99
ATCC gram negative bacteria escherichia coli
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Gram Negative Bacteria Escherichia Coli, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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gram negative  (ATCC)
99
ATCC gram negative
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Gram Negative, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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gn a+b-id kit  (Microgen Inc)
90
Microgen Inc gn a+b-id kit
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Gn A+B Id Kit, supplied by Microgen Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 11296  (ATCC)
95
ATCC klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 11296
In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody <t>(C4S)</t> revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae Atcc 11296, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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p aeruginosa atcc baa 2108  (ATCC)
96
ATCC p aeruginosa atcc baa 2108
The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) values of hydroquinine against the microorganisms tested.
P Aeruginosa Atcc Baa 2108, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Image Search Results


In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody (C4S) revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Chondroitinase ABC-Mediated Plasticity of Spinal Sensory Function

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3877-08.2008

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo digestion of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC. A, Schematic diagram illustrating the site of a single microinjection of ChABC or saline (shaded area in C7 spinal segment) and relative location of rhizotomized dorsal roots (C5, C6, C8, and T1). Ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord segments from animals microinjected with saline or ChABC were harvested for protein analysis 14 d after lesion and treatment. B, Immunoblot analysis of spinal cord lysates probed with anti-chondroitin-4-sulfate antibody (C4S) revealed digestion of all endogenous 4-sulfated CSPGs 14 d after ChABC delivery [N indicates naive spinal cord lysate from a control animal incubated in vitro in the presence (+) or absence (−) of ChABC]. C, Analysis of lysates from experimental animals treated with saline (red bars) or ChABC (green bars) revealed that ChABC injected unilaterally at C7 diffused bilaterally and significantly (*p < 0.005, ANOVA) digested 4-sulfated CSPGs from C7 to T1. Photomicrograph of a sagittal (D) and a transverse (E) section of spinal cord 14 d after ChABC microinjection (asterisk, injection site) immunostained with C4S. Digestion of intrinsic 4-sulfated CSPGs can be seen spreading both rostrocaudally and mediolaterally from the injection site. Scale bars: D, E, 500 μm. Photomicrographs of transverse sections from C7 [intact segment (F–H)] and C8 [rhizotomized segment (I–K)] after spared-root lesion. Spared-root lesion does not digest intrinsic CSPGs within intact (F) and rhizotomized (I) segments, indicated by the absence of C4S immunoreactivity. Neurocan (red) is highly expressed in spinal gray matter (Gm) within intact segment C7 (G) and does not increase after rhizotomy (Rhx) (J). Phosphacan (red) is also highly enriched in spinal gray matter within intact C7 (H) and is unaltered after rhizotomy (K). Scale bar, 200 μm. Quantification of CSPG expression within dorsal horn gray matter (G, boxed area) confirms that both neurocan and phosphacan levels are constitutively high in spinal gray matter and remain unchanged after RhX (bar graphs in J and K, respectively). Error bars indicate SEM.

Article Snippet: Standard direct immunohistochemical procedures were performed to detect the following antigens: chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) (ICN; 1:1K), GFAP (Dako; 1:10K), neurocan (1F6; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank; 1:1K), phosphacan (3F8; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank; 1:1K), phospho-p44/42 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) (Cell Signaling Technology; 1:400) and neuronal-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) (A60 clone; Millipore; 1:1K), CTB (List Laboratories; 1:5000), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (Sigma-Aldrich; 1:10K).

Techniques: In Vivo, Microinjection, Saline, Western Blot, Control, Incubation, In Vitro, Injection, Expressing

The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) values of hydroquinine against the microorganisms tested.

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

Article Title: Hydroquinine Possesses Antibacterial Activity, and at Half the MIC, Induces the Overexpression of RND-Type Efflux Pumps Using Multiplex Digital PCR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080156

Figure Lengend Snippet: The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) values of hydroquinine against the microorganisms tested.

Article Snippet: This study firstly proved that hydroquinine inhibits S. aureus ATCC25923 and S. aureus ATCC29213 (Gram-positive bacteria), as well as E. cloacae ATCC2341, E. coli ATCC2452, E. coli ATCC25922, K. pneumoniae ATCC1705, P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, and P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-2108 (Gram-negative bacteria), at different MIC values between 650 and 2500 μg/mL.

Techniques: Control, Bacteria

Percentage of digital PCR (dPCR)-positive partitions of mexB , mexD, and MexY genes of each bacterial strain tested in this study.

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

Article Title: Hydroquinine Possesses Antibacterial Activity, and at Half the MIC, Induces the Overexpression of RND-Type Efflux Pumps Using Multiplex Digital PCR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080156

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percentage of digital PCR (dPCR)-positive partitions of mexB , mexD, and MexY genes of each bacterial strain tested in this study.

Article Snippet: This study firstly proved that hydroquinine inhibits S. aureus ATCC25923 and S. aureus ATCC29213 (Gram-positive bacteria), as well as E. cloacae ATCC2341, E. coli ATCC2452, E. coli ATCC25922, K. pneumoniae ATCC1705, P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, and P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-2108 (Gram-negative bacteria), at different MIC values between 650 and 2500 μg/mL.

Techniques: Digital PCR, Control